Company Formations

Why start a cleaning business?

Are you thinking about starting a new business with low startup costs, steady demand, and room for growth? The cleaning industry might be your best bet. According to a 2024 report by the British Cleaning Council, the sector contributed over £60.3 billion to the UK economy in 2021 and shows no signs of slowing down. 

Here’s why launching a new cleaning business is a smart move:

• Scalability: Start small and expand as demand grows, offering a low-risk, high-reward business model.‍
• Strong industry growth: A thriving sector with rising demand in residential, commercial, and industrial markets.‍
• Flexible workforce: 67% of cleaning staff work part-time, helping businesses reduce payroll costs, scale efficiently, and adjust staffing.‍
• Easy entry: Most sub-industries require no special licenses or advanced qualifications, and only 25% of the workforce holds an NQF Level 4 qualification, making it accessible to new entrepreneurs.

What are the different types of cleaning services?

The cleaning industry spans multiple sectors, from home and office cleaning to large-scale industrial operations. Below is a breakdown of key cleaning service categories, their economic value, and the type of business owners they are best suited for.‍

‍Cleaning and hygiene services

According to the British Cleaning Council (BCC), the cleaning and hygiene sector contributed £9.4 billion to the UK economy in 2021. With low skill requirements and high profitability, this industry offers an accessible and lucrative opportunity for small business owners, self-employed cleaners, and cleaning franchises looking to establish or grow their businesses.

The main business activities within the sub-industry are:

• General Cleaning of Buildings (SIC 81.21) includes routine cleaning services for homes, offices, schools, public spaces and specialist services such as oven cleaning.‍
• Other Building and Industrial Cleaning (SIC 81.22) include window cleaning, hospital sanitation, computer room cleaning, and chimney services.‍
• Other Cleaning Activities (SIC 81.29) cover disinfection, pest control, swimming pool cleaning, and transport cleaning (trains, buses, planes, etc.).

‍Facilities Management 

The sub-sector contributed £30 billion to the UK economy in 2019, making it one of the most significant industries within the broader cleaning and maintenance sector. Facilities management goes beyond cleaning, encompassing the maintenance, security, and operational management of buildings and workspaces. 

The main business activities within the sub-industry include:

• Combined Facilities Support Activities (SIC 81.10) – Covering security, catering, building maintenance, and operational services, often bundled with cleaning contracts.
• Real Estate Management (SIC 68.32) – Managing properties and maintenance contracts on behalf of landlords, commercial property owners, and corporations.
• Renting & Leasing of Office Machinery (SIC 77.33) – Providing office equipment, IT support, and machinery leasing, including cleaning and maintenance solutions.

Landscape Activities 

According to the British Cleaning Council (BCC), the landscape activities sector contributed £5.6 billion to the UK economy in 2021. With routine maintenance and specialised services, it offers opportunities for small business owners, independent landscapers, and larger firms providing contract-based outdoor maintenance.

The main business activities within the sub-industry include:

• Planting, Caring for, and Maintaining Green Spaces: Providing landscaping, gardening, and tree care services for residential and commercial properties.
• Public and Semi-Public Grounds Maintenance: Managing municipal parks, urban landscapes, and roadside greenery for local councils and government agencies.
• Sports Grounds and Industrial Landscaping: Maintaining golf courses, stadiums, and large-scale industrial green spaces to ensure aesthetic appeal and safety compliance.

With an increasing emphasis on sustainability and green spaces, businesses in this sector benefit from consistent demand, recurring contracts, and opportunities for specialisation in areas such as eco-friendly landscaping, urban rewilding, and sustainable outdoor design.

Waste and resource management 

The waste and resource management sub-industry contributed £15 billion to the UK economy in 2021, with waste collection generating £9.8 billion and waste treatment and disposal contributing £5.2 billion. As environmental concerns grow and regulations tighten, waste management has become a high-demand industry with opportunities for municipal contractors, private waste collection businesses, and recycling firms.

The main business activities within the sub-industry include:

• Waste Treatment & Disposal (SIC 38.21 & 38.22): Processing non-hazardous and hazardous waste, including landfill management, incineration, and recycling operations.
• Waste Collection (SIC 38.11 & 38.12): Handling residential and commercial waste removal, including general refuse, recyclables, and hazardous waste.

With increasing government regulations on sustainability, recycling, and landfill reduction, businesses in this sector benefit from steady contracts, compliance-driven demand, and expansion opportunities in areas like composting, electronic waste recycling, and circular economy initiatives.

Manufacturing and supply 

The manufacturing and supply sub-industry supports B2B and B2C markets, supplying essential cleaning products and equipment to commercial cleaning companies, industrial facilities, and individual consumers.

The main business activities within the sub-industry include:

• Cleaning Products Manufacturing: Production of soaps, detergents, disinfectants, and industrial cleaning chemicals used in residential, commercial, and industrial settings.
• Cleaning Machinery & Equipment Supply: Manufactures and distributes pressure washers, scrubber dryers, floor cleaning machines, and other specialised equipment.

With a rising demand for eco-friendly, biodegradable cleaning solutions and advanced automation in cleaning technology, businesses in this sector benefit from high recurring sales, scalability, and opportunities in innovation-driven product development.

What are the different types of cleaning companies?

The cleaning industry is diverse, with different business types and registration formats catering to various cleaning activities. Whether you're an independent cleaner, a property manager, or a group of leaseholders, there is a business structure that fits your needs. Here’s how different types of cleaning companies align with cleaning services in the UK.

Sole Trader – Ideal for General Cleaning of Buildings (SIC 81.21)

For solopreneurs looking to start a small-scale cleaning business, registering as a sole trader is one of the easiest ways to enter the industry.

Best suited for:

• Small commercial cleaning contracts for offices, retail stores, and restaurants.
• Domestic cleaning businesses, including home cleaning, Airbnb cleaning, and end-of-tenancy cleaning.

As your business grows, you can transition into a private limited company and expand into other cleaning activities under SIC 81.22 or SIC 81.29.

Private Limited Company (LTD) – Ideal for Industrial & Specialized Cleaning (SIC 81.22, 81.29)

For those who want a formal business structure with liability protection, registering as a private limited company (LTD) offers credibility and growth opportunities.

Best suited for:

• Industrial cleaning, including factories, warehouses, and medical facilities.
• Specialised cleaning may include window cleaning, hospital sanitation, pest control, and transport cleaning.
• Commercial cleaning with large contracts requiring employees and equipment.

You can acquire industry licenses, hire specialists, and expand into regulated cleaning services with an LTD.

Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) – Ideal for Business Partners in Cleaning

An LLP allows two or more partners to operate a cleaning business while limiting personal liability. This structure is ideal if you want to combine expertise with a partner.

Best suited for:

• Franchise cleaning businesses allow multiple partners to manage locations under one brand.
• Janitorial services with long-term contracts in offices, schools, and healthcare.
• Facilities management cleaning, where a partner brings security, catering, or maintenance expertise.

An LLP provides flexibility, allowing partners to divide responsibilities between administration, client acquisition, and service management.

Right to Manage (RTM) Company – Ideal for Managing Communal Area Cleaning

Tenants or leaseholders form an RTM company to manage their residential building. While an RTM cannot operate as a commercial cleaning business, it can hire contractors or manage an in-house cleaning team.

Best suited for:

• Ensuring service quality and cost efficiency in apartment blocks and flats.
• Cleaning and maintenance of communal areas in residential buildings (hallways, staircases, gardens).

Although RTM companies don’t offer commercial cleaning services, they are crucial in ensuring high cleaning standards for their properties.

Property Management Company – Ideal for Overseeing Multiple Cleaning Contracts

A property management company provides comprehensive maintenance services, including cleaning services, for multiple properties. Unlike an RTM, a property management company can expand into the commercial cleaning sector and offer services to multiple landlords.

Best suited for:

• Providing in-house cleaning staff or outsourcing contracts to cleaning companies.
• Coordinating cleaning services for residential and commercial properties.
• Facilities management cleaning (SIC 81.10), including janitorial services, security, and building maintenance.

Property management companies can offer cleaning as part of a larger service package or register a separate cleaning business under their company structure.

What type of cleaning services should I offer? 

One of the first steps in starting a cleaning business is deciding whether to offer residential or commercial services. Choosing the right niche is essential for shaping your business model, pricing, and operations.

• Residential cleaning focuses on family homes, apartments, and rental properties. Services typically include routine housekeeping, deep cleaning, and move-in or move-out cleans.
• On the other hand, commercial cleaning operates on a larger scale—serving offices, retail spaces, and industrial buildings. It often involves specialised equipment, larger teams, and more flexible scheduling, including overnight work.

Understanding the differences between these markets will help you tailor your services, choose the right tools, and meet the expectations of your ideal clients.

How do I set up a cleaning company and choose an ideal business structure?

Registering a limited company with Your Virtual Office London ensures liability protection and professional business identity for your cleaning business from day one. The process is simple: provide a preferred business name, shareholding details, company officials' information, and the relevant SIC code. 

The Privacy Package covers all essential registration requirements, including incorporation fees, a registered office address, and a director’s service address, giving you a fully compliant and professional setup with minimal hassle.

Alternatively, you can purchase a cleaning franchise, which provides everything you need to launch successfully. With a franchise, you benefit from an established brand reputation, essential tools, and comprehensive training, allowing you to bypass many of the challenges of starting from scratch. This option offers built-in credibility, proven business systems, and a ready-made customer base. It is an excellent choice for those looking to reduce risk and start with a competitive advantage.

What is the cost to start a cleaning venture?

The cost of starting your own cleaning business depends on your preferred business structure and the specific services you plan to offer. You don't need a significant upfront investment—many successful cleaning ventures start small and grow steadily over time.

Below is a breakdown of estimated startup costs based on different business models and types of cleaning services.

Business Registration Costs 

• Limited Company Formation: The cost starts at £68, including Companies House fees and everything required to register your business legally.
• Sole Trader: Registration is free, making it the most cost-effective way to start a cleaning business.

Cleaning Supplies and Tool

Once you’ve identified your cleaning niche, you can plan for the cost of equipment and tools based on the type of cleaning services you intend to offer.

Residential Cleaning (SIC 81.21) – Estimated Cost: £1,250

For a general residential cleaning business, expect to budget:

• £550 – Essential cleaning equipment (vacuum cleaner, mops, buckets, cleaning solutions, gloves).
• £700 – Website and marketing expenses to attract clients.
• £200 – Small business liability insurance to cover potential damages or accidents.

Industrial & Specialised Cleaning (SIC 81.22, SIC 81.29) – Estimated Cost: £3,000+‍ 

For industrial, commercial, and specialised cleaning, additional equipment may be required, including:

• £1,200+ – Floor cleaning machines for large-scale surface cleaning.
• £800+ – Carpet cleaning machines for deep cleaning.
• £300+ – Janitor cart for organising cleaning tools and supplies.

Other Essential Cleaning Tools – Estimated Cost: £150+

Regardless of your niche, you may need additional tools, such as:

• £25 – Feather duster for dusting surfaces.
• £30 – Micro-fiber towels for streak-free cleaning.
• £50+ – Various disinfectants and cleaning chemicals for specialised jobs.

Licensing costs for specialised cleaning business leaning

You may need licenses for specialised cleaning services (e.g., medical, hazardous waste, or pest control under SIC 81.22 or SIC 81.29). Depending on the specific industry regulations, these can add £500–£2,000 to your startup costs.

How do I create a business plan for my business?

A business plan is essential for outlining your goals, strategies, and financial projections. If you're unsure where to start, AI tools can help you draft a professional business plan quickly and efficiently.

Simply provide details about your business type, target market, services offered, pricing, and growth strategy, and AI can generate a structured plan tailored to your needs. This can include sections on market research, competitor analysis, operational planning, and financial forecasts, helping you stay organised and attract potential investors or clients.

What license do I need to start a cleaning company in the UK?

When starting a cleaning business in the UK, you generally do not need a specific license. However, you should register your business appropriately:

• Limited Company or LLP: Register with Companies House.
• Sole Trader: Register with HMRC when your annual turnover reaches the self-assessment registration threshold of £1,000.

For general residential and small commercial cleaning, no additional licenses are required. However, if you plan to specialise in certain cleaning services, you may need specific licenses or certifications as follows

For industrial cleaning, if you plan to use hazardous chemicals such as ammonia, bleach, or other potent cleaning agents, you should:

• Supply personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Conduct a COSHH risk assessment
• Provide appropriate staff training

Paying tax for your cleaning service?

Your tax obligations depend on your chosen business structure:

• Limited Companies: Pay Corporation Tax and must file annual tax returns with HMRC.
• Sole Traders: Pay taxes through self-assessment and must register with HMRC if earnings exceed £1,000 per year.

Understanding your tax responsibilities ensures compliance and helps you manage finances effectively.

How do you choose a company name that is unique?

Choosing a unique company name begins with identifying words or phrases that reflect your brand’s purpose, values, or target industry. List these keywords, then explore different combinations to see what sounds distinctive and memorable. Once you have a few options, use a company name check tool to confirm whether the name is available for registration.

Once you settle on a name, you can register a company name with Companies House while securing a trademark reflecting your brand identity through intellectual property registration.

This combination of a trademark and business name enhances the value and recognition of your business and extends its appeal. By aligning your name with industry specifics and making it relatable to your target audience, you create a brand that resonates deeply and stands out in the market.

How can you use a limited company name search tool to check availability?

A limited company name search tool helps you verify whether another company already uses the name you’re considering. To use the tool effectively, prepare a list of at least three potential company names, starting with your top choice. This ensures you have alternative options if your preferred name is already taken.

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Using this tool simplifies the name selection process and helps avoid conflicts with unrelated companies that may have similar names. This is critical in creating a unique and legally compliant brand identity.

Suppose your name search indicates that your chosen name is approved but flagged as similar to an existing business name. In that case, you must provide supporting documentation if connected to the existing company. Such connections may include being a subsidiary, an affiliate, or having a formal association. Providing this documentation ensures compliance with regulations, prevents potential conflicts, and avoids any misrepresentation.

See also: Limited Liability Definition

How do you align your choice to company name rules and restrictions?

Companies House provides clear guidelines to help entrepreneurs register a company in the UK. Key legislation governing company naming includes:

• Companies Act 2006
• Company, Limited Liability Partnership, and Business (Names and Trading Disclosures) Regulations 2015 (SI 2015/17)
• Company, Limited Liability Partnership, and Business (Sensitive Words and Expressions) Regulations 2014 (SI 2014/3140)

Flaunting these rules could cause undue delay in your company's registration. It is easier to comply. These rules include - 

• The name you want should not contain words that imply a connection to the UK government or local or specified public authority.

Your name must not include words that suggest a connection to the UK government, local authorities, or any specified public body. Terms such as "Court," "Financial Reporting," "Notary," "Inspectorate," "Authority," or "Assembly" require explicit permission from the relevant governing agencies or institutions. This rule ensures that your company name does not mislead or imply an affiliation with official organisations without proper authorisation.

• The name should not be offensive, inappropriate, or likely to cause harm or offence to any group or individual.

The name you choose must not contain offensive, inappropriate, or harmful terms that could cause offence or harm to any group or individual. Companies House strictly prohibits words that are profane, derogatory, or defamatory. A respectful and professional business environment is essential; your company name should reflect these values.

•  The name must not suggest criminal activity or be contrary to the public interest.

The name must not imply criminal activity or conduct contrary to the public interest. Also, avoid including terms suggesting illegal or unethical practices, as Companies House will not approve such names.

• The name must not infringe on an existing trade mark.

The name must not infringe on an existing trademark. To ensure compliance, conduct a trademark search using the main keywords you plan to include in your business name, which you may later trademark. This step helps you avoid the legal risks of using a protected word or mark. Additionally, it safeguards your brand identity from potential infringement by others, ensuring your business stands on solid legal ground.

Why can’t a business name include sensitive words and expressions without permission?

There are sensitive words and expressions that you cannot include in your company name because they denote special skill, license, or authorisation. Such words include - Accounts Commission, Adjudicator, Auditor General, Accreditation, Association, Bank, Charitable, Chamber of Commerce, and more. To use, you’d require special permission.

Can you use a business name generator to define your brand?

Business name generators are excellent tools for brainstorming potential names for your business. Typically, you start by selecting your industry and providing 1-3 relevant keywords. The generator then suggests a variety of creative name options to consider.

Some generators may ask for additional details about your new business, such as its nature, target audience, or brand personality, to provide more tailored suggestions. These tools can be a valuable starting point in defining a name that aligns with your brand identity and resonates with your audience.

Should you choose "Limited" or "Ltd" for the ending of your company name?

You can use either "Limited" or "Ltd" at the end of your company name, as there is no legal or functional difference between the two. "Limited" is often considered more formal, while "Ltd" is slightly more casual. The choice ultimately depends on the company owners' preferences and branding style.

Find out more: What is the difference between ltd and limited in a company name?

Is the domain name available for your preferred business name?

Though not a legal requirement, it is good practice to check to see if the domain name of your preferred and available name is also available for the company website and email address. This will help you establish a consistent brand and build a web presence that aligns with your identity. 

Company Name Rules Explained

How does a limited liability structure work? 

Limited liability is a legal structure established by the Companies Act companies use to protect shareholders from personal responsibility for a company’s debts and obligations. The company is solely responsible for fulfilling its financial commitments in limited liability business structures.

If the company cannot meet its debts, shareholders only risk losing their investment in the business while their personal assets remain safeguarded. This separation of personal and business liability offers vital protection for entrepreneurs, encouraging them to invest and grow their ventures with reduced financial risk.

What are the disadvantages of limited liability?

While limited liability offers many benefits, it also comes with some disadvantages compared to a sole trader business:

• Increased compliance requirements: To prevent abuse of limited liability protection, businesses must meet obligations like filing confirmation statements and annual accounts, ensuring accountability.
• Minimal privacy: Company financials and filing histories are publicly accessible, promoting transparency as a trade-off for limited liability.
• Extensive formation requirements: Registering a limited company involves meeting several criteria, such as providing a registered office address and a director's service address, verifying identity, and submitting a memorandum and articles of association.

These factors add complexity and responsibility for limited liability businesses.

What does unlimited liability mean?

Unlimited liability means there is no legal separation between the business and its owner. This means that if the business becomes insolvent or is sued, the owner is personally responsible for all the debts and obligations. If the venture cannot meet any of its obligations, creditors can pursue the owner's personal assets to recover what is owed. This structure poses a significant financial risk to the business owner.

What is a private company limited by shares (LTD)?

An LTD is a standard business structure in the UK in which shareholders enjoy limited liability, restricted to the amount they invest in the company, in case of insolvency. Due to its flexibility and protection, this structure is popular among small businesses and startups. 

Key features include:

• Limited liability protection shields shareholders' personal assets from business debts.
• Separate legal entity ensures the company operates independently of the business owner or owners.
• Shareholders can also serve as directors, allowing individuals to retain full control of the business.
• Nominal share capital makes it accessible for small businesses to set up with minimal financial outlay.

An LTD provides a balance of financial liability protection and operational flexibility, making it a preferred choice for entrepreneurs aiming to safeguard their personal assets while growing their businesses.

Find out more: What is the difference between ltd and limited in a company name?

What is a public limited company (PLC)?

A public limited company (PLC) is similar to a private limited company, with its shares being publicly traded on the London Stock Exchange, allowing the company to raise capital from the public. Key characteristics include:

• Limited liability protection means shareholders are only liable for their investments.
• Separate legal entity, providing the company with legal independence from its shareholders.
• It requires a minimum of two shareholders, one director, and a company secretary, ensuring a balance of oversight and management.
• Must have a minimum share capital of £50,000, of which at least 25% must be paid before trading begins.

A PLC provides opportunities for growth and increased public confidence but requires strict regulatory compliance and transparency.

What is a limited liability partnership (LLP)?

A limited liability partnership (LLP) is a legal structure where at least two individuals form a partnership. The LLP provides limited liability protection, meaning partners are not personally responsible for business debts beyond their contributions. 

However, it is a pass-through entity for tax purposes, so partners pay taxes individually, even though the LLP itself must file returns. This structure offers flexibility, as partners can manage the business directly without the need for directors or shareholders. 

LLPs have similar formation requirements to private limited companies, including a registered office address and registered email address. For smooth operations, it is strongly recommended that a partnership agreement be established to outline roles, responsibilities, and profit-sharing arrangements.

What is a company limited by guarantee (CLG)?

A company limited by guarantee (CLG) is a structure designed for non-profit ventures, such as clubs, charities, and community organisations. The owners, called guarantors, limit their liability for the company’s debts to a nominal guaranteed amount, usually £1 or another minimal sum.

Unlike companies with shareholders, CLGs do not distribute profits; all income is reinvested into achieving their objectives. Any surplus assets must be transferred to a similar non-profit organisation upon dissolution and cannot be distributed to the guarantors. 

Key features include:

• Limited liability protection ensures guarantors are not personally liable beyond their guaranteed amount.
• Separate legal entity, giving the organisation a distinct legal identity.
• Guarantors instead of shareholders, reflecting its non-profit focus.
• Requires at least one director to oversee its management.
• Nominal share capital reflects its focus on non-commercial purposes.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of limited liability companies?

Limited liability companies come with many benefits but also a few challenges. Here’s what you need to consider:

Advantages

• Personal assets are protected as liability is limited to the value of shares.
• A registered company adds professionalism and credibility.
• Access to tax reliefs and allowances otherwise not available to sole traders.
• Operates as a separate legal entity, allowing it to own property and enter contracts.
• It is easier to attract investors or raise capital by issuing shares.

Disadvantages

• Registration with Companies House involves additional costs.
• Stricter compliance requirements with transparency and regulation obligations.
• Administrative tasks include maintaining a registered office and filing tax returns and annual accounts.
• Extracting profits is more complex, with strict rules separating business and personal finances.
• Engaging professional accountants is often necessary, increasing operational costs.

This structure is ideal for businesses needing liability protection and credibility but requires careful management of its responsibilities.

What are the forms of limited liability business structures?

There are five common types of limited liability business structures:

• Company Limited by Shares: Owned by shareholders, with liability limited to the value of their shares.
• Public Limited Company (PLC): A company that can trade shares publicly on the stock market, with liability limited to shareholder investments.
• Company Limited by Guarantee: Typically used by non-profit organisations, personal liability is limited to a pre-agreed amount each member guarantees.
• Limited Liability Partnership (LLP): A partnership where members have limited liability and share profits based on their agreement.
• Limited Partnership (LP): A structure with at least one general partner with unlimited liability and one or more limited partners with liability restricted to their investment.

Each structure offers unique advantages and is suited to different business needs.

Limited liability protection explained.

Limited liability protection is a legal concept in company registration that separates the business from its founders in the eyes of the law. This means the founders are not personally responsible for the company’s legal or financial obligations beyond their invested amount. In other words, their personal assets are protected from business liabilities.

To establish this legal separation and secure limited liability protection, a business must:

• Formal registration with a unique name and address
• A defined ownership structure with shareholders or members, with liability limited to their investments 
• Articles of association and a partnership agreement 
• Separate financial accounts 
• Compliance with obligations specified in their respective laws on issues of filing and tax

This ensures the business operates as a separate legal entity, safeguarding the personal assets of its founders.

What is the main characteristic of an LLP according to the Limited Liability Partnership Act of 2000? 

The defining characteristic of a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) is the liability protection it offers to its members. Members are shielded from personal responsibility for the partnership's debts and obligations, with their liability typically limited to their investment in the LLP. However, all members may still be liable for the wrongful acts of another partner if those acts were performed within the scope of the partnership.

See also: What does limited liability mean?

What are the benefits of an LLP? 

An LLP offers unique features that set it apart from other business structures. It provides flexibility, protection, and confidentiality for its members. 

Below is an overview of its most notable benefits: 

1. Separate legal entity — A key characteristic of an llp and an offshoot of the limited liability principle is that an LLP is a separate legal entity from its owners. This means the LLP has its legal identity and can enter into agreements, own property, and conduct business in its name. This separation protects the personal assets of its members, as the LLP itself is responsible for its obligations and liabilities.
2. Appointment of a designated partner - During the formation of an LLP, the partners must appoint at least one designated partner responsible for critical administrative and compliance tasks, such as:some text
   • Preparing and filing confirmation statements and annual accounts.
   • Reporting changes, such as a change of address, to Companies House.
   • Appointing an accountant or auditor as required.
   • Overseeing the statutory compliance of the partnership and its members.
3. Tax principle - An LLP operates as a pass-through entity for taxation purposes. This means that the LLP itself does not pay tax on its profits. Instead, the profits are "passed through" to the individual members, who are taxed on their share of the profits. Each member must file a self-assessment tax return to report their income.
   In addition to the members' tax obligations, the LLP must file an annual partnership tax return through the self-assessment system to declare the overall profits and distribute them among the members.
4. ‍Profit distribution - The partnership deed governs how members distribute profits in an LLP. Unlike in a limited company (Ltd), where profits must typically be distributed according to shareholding percentages, an LLP allows for greater flexibility. Profit distribution can combine fixed shares and discretionary amounts, enabling members to agree on arrangements that best suit the partnership's needs and contributions.
5. ‍Confidentiality — An LLP allows professionals to maintain confidentiality regarding partnership arrangements and profit distribution. Unlike an LTD, whose articles of association are publicly accessible on the Companies House register, the terms of an LLP's partnership deed remain private.

See also: What is the difference between ltd and limited in a company name?

What are the disadvantages of an LLP?

While an LLP offers many benefits, it has certain drawbacks, particularly regarding reporting, disclosure, and taxation.

1. Complex reporting requirements - Due to its limited liability status, an LLP has reporting obligations similar to those of a limited company. These include:
   • Maintaining a registered office address.
   • Keeping a statutory register, including details of persons with significant control (PSCs).
   • Filing annual confirmation statements.
   • Reporting changes to Companies House, such as member details or address updates.
     These administrative responsibilities can be time-consuming and require additional resources to manage effectively.
2. Disclosure requirements - An LLP must disclose specific information publicly, which can disadvantage those prioritising privacy. This includes:
   • Names, month and year of birth, and service addresses of members.
   • Details of persons with significant control (PSCs).
     This lack of complete confidentiality can deter professionals who wish to keep their business arrangements private.
3. Taxation of profits - Profits in an LLP are taxed in the year they are earned, irrespective of whether they are distributed to members or retained within the business. Additionally, LLP members are subject to National Insurance Contributions (NICs) on their income.
   This taxation structure makes LLPs less tax-efficient than limited companies, where profits are taxed only when extracted (e.g., through salaries or dividends). This difference can result in a higher overall tax burden for some businesses for LLP members.

Read more: Register Your Company and Get a Certificate of Incorporation

What is the role of an LLP partner? 

The role of an LLP partner is typically defined in a partnership agreement and encompasses responsibilities that often mirror those of a company director, particularly in statutory compliance. Partners are collectively responsible for the business's effective management and strategic direction. 

Their primary responsibilities include:

• Overseeing the business's daily operations to ensure smooth functioning and alignment with its objectives.
• Setting the overall direction of the business by defining goals, formulating procedures, and driving long-term growth strategies.
• Ensuring compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements, such as timely filings, accurate record-keeping, and adherence to self-assessment tax deadlines.
• Acting in the best interests of the business, its clients, and other partners, maintaining trust and fostering collaboration.
• Overseeing financial matters, including the distribution of profits and losses, while ensuring the business's financial stability.

An LLP partner’s role requires a balance of operational management, strategic leadership, and a commitment to the partnership’s legal and financial obligations.

What are the tax advantages of an LLP? 

LLPs offer several tax advantages compared to limited companies, making them an attractive business structure for many professionals and entrepreneurs. Key benefits include:

• An LLP is a pass-through entity, meaning the tax obligations are passed directly to the partners. Partners are taxed on their share of the profits at personal income tax rates, avoiding the double taxation faced by limited companies, where the company pays corporation tax and directors pay dividend tax.
• Income tax brackets can often be lower than corporation tax rates, providing additional tax efficiency for many LLP members.
• LLPs allow profits to be distributed flexibly, reflecting each partner's contributions, skills, and other merits. This flexibility is unlike limited companies, where profit distribution is typically tied to shareholding percentages.
• LLP partners are not subject to benefits-in-kind taxes, often applicable to directors of limited companies for perks like company cars or private health insurance.

These tax advantages make LLPs an appealing option for businesses seeking flexibility in profit distribution and more streamlined tax obligations.

Do LLP partners pay tax?

Yes, LLP partners must pay tax and National Insurance Contributions (NICs) through the self-assessment system. Partners are taxed on their share of the LLP’s profits, and they must ensure they meet the self-assessment deadlines set by HMRC for notifying liability and settling their tax bills.

What are the advantages of forming an LLP over a traditional partnership, limited partnership or private limited company?

An LLP offers a unique structure that differentiates it from traditional partnerships, limited partnerships, and private limited companies. These differences provide advantages, including greater flexibility, liability protection, and tax benefits.

See also: Company Limited by Guarantee

What are the differences between LLPs and limited companies?

While LLPs and limited companies (LTDs) offer limited liability protection, they differ significantly in structure, reporting obligations, taxation, and profit distribution. The table below highlights the key differences.

Why do some uk companies use 'ltd' or 'limited' in their names?

In the UK, private limited companies are legally required by section 59 of the Companies Act 2006 to end their names with "Limited" or "Ltd" to indicate limited liability status. This suffix signals that the company is its own legal entity, with shareholders protected from personal liability if the business faces financial issues. Welsh companies may use the equivalents "cyfyngedig" or "cyf."

Without one of these suffixes, Companies House will not register the company unless it meets specific exemption criteria.

According to Section 59 of the Companies Act 2006, private limited companies in the UK must end their names with either "Limited" or "Ltd" to indicate their limited liability status. Welsh companies can also use "cyfyngedig" or "cyf." However, if a company name does not contain the appropriate suffix, Companies House will refuse its registration unless it qualifies for an exemption.

Also related: Limited Liability Definition Business

Are there companies exempted from using Limited in a company name?

Certain companies— particularly those limited by guarantee —can be exempt from adding "Ltd" or "Limited" to their names. 

To qualify, these companies must operate with specific objectives in their articles of association, such as promoting commerce, education, charity, or other community-benefitting pursuits. Additionally, they must meet several conditions:

1. Income allocation: All profits must be directed toward the company’s stated objectives.
2. Prohibition of payments to members: No dividends or returns of capital can be paid to members.
3. Asset transfer upon dissolution: In the event of winding up, assets must be transferred to an organisation with similar objectives or one that promotes charitable causes.

Other entities may use different suffixes. For example:

• Public Limited Companies use "PLC."
• Limited Liability Partnerships use "LLP."
• Sole traders with trading names do not use a suffix.

These distinctions allow companies to represent their structure and purpose accurately.

What is the difference between LTD and Limited?

The difference between "Ltd" and "Limited" is purely stylistic—“Ltd” is simply an abbreviation of “Limited.” Private limited companies commonly use either of the terms to show limited liability status. The choice depends on the company’s preference and doesn’t affect the company’s legal standing or obligations.

Once you choose your preferred suffix, it will appear at the end of your business name in your certificate of incorporation and on the Companies House register.

How do I determine whether to use Limited or ltd at the end of your company name?

You can use "Limited" or "Ltd", depending on which fits your brand’s style best. Legally, there’s no difference, and both indicate limited liability status. While "Limited" may feel more formal, many formal brands opt for "Ltd" as well—so it comes down to your personal preference!

Are 'ltd' and 'limited' interchangeable?

While “Ltd” and “Limited” can generally be used interchangeably without issue, using the version you registered with Companies House on all official documents and legal correspondence is essential. Consistency with your registered name is required in the following instances:

• Physical signs (e.g., in shops or commercial offices)
• Your registered office address or any operating business location (excluding your home if used privately)
• Stationery, including official documentation and websites
• Promotional materials

Following this practice helps maintain compliance and ensures clarity in all official interactions.

Looking to start a business in the UK? Consider this your essential guide to small business ideas that can significantly boost your finances while positively impacting your community. Whether you're considering a simple venture like a Virtual Assistant service or a more complex operation like market research or homecare services, we’ve got you covered with multiple business ideas to explore. Each section outlines the essential skills to help you assess your readiness, startup costs, and the ideal business structure. 

Quick Tips for Starting a Small Business In the UK

High Skill Unique Business Ideas

As we delve deeper into the digital age, businesses' challenges are evolving at a pace that’s never been experienced before. The business ideas in this section stand out because they directly tackle the most pressing issues and rapidly growing concerns of our time. These ideas aren’t just limited to niche markets; they offer solutions essential for the growth and success of every organisation—and even individuals—in today’s digital landscape.

According to the UK Department for Science, Innovation, and Technology, many businesses and charities experience cyber attacks annually, illustrating the need for adequate protection. Cyber threats such as phishing, impersonation, and malware are not just technical nuisances—they pose serious financial risks and operational disruptions, particularly for medium and large organisations. As the frequency and impact of these breaches continue escalating, the demand for specialised cybersecurity services is rising. 

The infographic below presents key statistics and insights on the most common types of cyber attacks, their impact on organisations, and the financial consequences of breaches. These growing threats highlight a significant business opportunity in the cybersecurity industry. By setting up a cybersecurity-focused business, you can play a crucial role in addressing these challenges, helping organisations protect their valuable data and maintain operations in an increasingly digital world.

This presents a unique and timely opportunity for entrepreneurs to establish cybersecurity-focused businesses that address these critical needs.

The possibilities are vast, from threat detection and vulnerability assessments to compliance consulting and incident response. Depending on their expertise and market demand, this variety allows business owners to target specific niches or provide comprehensive solutions.

• A cybersecurity venture is one of the best business ideas to start in the UK because of its scalability. Entrepreneurs can start small, offering specialised services to a few clients, and gradually expand their offerings and client base as they gain experience and recognition in the market. This flexibility makes it attractive for those looking to grow a business over time.
• Unlike some industries vulnerable to economic fluctuations, cybersecurity remains a priority for businesses regardless of the economic climate. Protecting digital assets and sensitive data is essential, making cybersecurity services indispensable even during downturns. This resilience makes a cybersecurity business a stable and sustainable venture.
• Small—to medium-sized businesses and high-income charities often lack in-house cybersecurity expertise, making them prime targets for cybercriminals. A cybersecurity business can offer invaluable services that protect these organisations from potentially catastrophic breaches by focusing on these markets.
• Beyond the financial and operational benefits, running a cybersecurity business carries an ethical responsibility. By helping to safeguard sensitive data and protect online communities, your company contributes to a safer digital environment. This moral dimension adds value to your services and strengthens your reputation as a trustworthy provider.

The best registration format for your cybersecurity business is a UK limited company structure. Your business will deal with high-value clients, and an LTD provides the framework for professionalism. Furthermore, an LTD and a professional indemnity cover will protect you from personal liability and business obligations. You could also consider working with an LLP, allowing you to pair your skills with a strategic business partner.

Documents required to register a cyber security company in the UK include —

• For a limited liability company, you require an article and memorandum of association indicating a preferred company name, director and PSC details and the registered office and director addresses.
• Form LL IN01 for registering an LLP, through which you will provide the partner and PSC details and registered office address.  

The UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) can impose fines of up to £17.5 million or 4% of your annual global turnover—whichever is greater—for non-compliance with GDPR. However, the risks extend beyond regulatory breaches. Companies that fail to implement robust cybersecurity measures also face severe financial penalties, mainly when these failures result in privacy breaches compromising client data.

A GDPR/ data privacy firm helps businesses avoid such hefty fines by advising them on privacy issues and data security concerns. 

• Much like a cybersecurity business, a GDPR/Privacy Consulting Firm provides critical services that every company, regardless of industry, needs to avoid severe penalties and risks associated with non-compliance. These services are essential in any economic climate, as businesses must continuously adhere to privacy regulations, making this type of firm a stable and resilient business with consistent demand.
• As an emerging and constantly evolving field, there is a significant demand for knowledgeable privacy consultants. Brands need experts who can navigate the complexities of data protection laws, making this a lucrative area for those with the right skills and qualifications.
• GDPR and privacy consulting typically involve ongoing support and training rather than one-time engagements. Once a business secures a client, effective marketing and customer retention strategies can significantly enhance that client's lifetime value, leading to increased revenue and sustained business growth.

Starting a GDPR/Privacy Consulting Firm is an exciting opportunity to make a real impact in a growing field. To get started, simply set up a company limited by shares, which offers the benefit of limiting your liability to the amount of your investment.

Building strong networks and engaging with potential clients is crucial to your success in this professional area. Focus on establishing yourself as a subject matter expert and thought leader. Look for opportunities to speak at industry events or contribute articles to high-value publications. This will enhance your credibility and help you connect with potential clients seeking trusted expertise in GDPR and privacy compliance.

Working From Home Businesses to Start

There’s nothing quite like the comfort and flexibility of working from home. With 16% of employees worldwide working exclusively remotely and 44% embracing a hybrid model, it's clear that flexible work arrangements are here to stay. This section highlights easy entry home business ideas you can start right from the comfort of your home.

Over 4,500 VA jobs are open worldwide on LinkedIn, with new positions being added daily. With the rise of remote work, virtual assistant services are on the rise, and the market is expected to expand even further in the coming months. 

Businesses seek to work with VA service providers due to their flexibility. Depending on the market, they can dial up or down the time allocated to the VA, from simple tasks like email and calendar management to more complex tasks such as content creation and social media marketing.

• 45% of UK businesses hired a virtual assistant. The opportunity to access cost effective local and offshore talent makes human virtual assistants a desirable option for businesses. 
• Starting a virtual assistant (VA) business from home is affordable, with minimal upfront expenses. Additionally, if you're working from home because your employer doesn’t provide an office, you may be eligible for tax relief, further reducing your operational costs.
• An abundance of online resources are available to help you build and enhance the value you offer to clients. Major companies like Google and HubSpot offer free courses that can give you a competitive edge and improve your skills, making you more attractive to potential clients.
• The demand for highly skilled and results-oriented virtual assistants is on the rise. Businesses are constantly looking for efficient solutions to their problems, and VAs play a crucial role in helping them achieve their goals while reducing overhead costs.
• VA services are beautiful to small business owners because they help save on costs. By outsourcing tasks to VAs, businesses can avoid the expenses of hiring full-time staff, making VA services a highly sought-after solution.

Starting a Virtual Assistant (VA) business is straightforward and highly flexible. You can opt to operate as a sole trader, which eliminates the need to register with Companies House and simplifies the setup process. To get started, you can set up an online profile on platforms like Fiverr, Upwork, and LinkedIn or even set up your own website to begin attracting clients.

While the administrative burden is minimal, you will need to file a self-assessment tax return with HMRC. Operating as a sole trader is ideal for a VA business due to its low-risk nature, allowing you to concentrate on growing your client base and honing your skills without the complexities of extensive paperwork or personal liability concerns.

See also: Register Your Company and Get a Certificate of Incorporation.

With over 90% of B2B and B2C sales processes beginning with an online search, the demand for digital marketing services has never been higher. As more businesses embrace the digital space with online stores to sell their products and services, the need for skilled digital marketing agencies and freelancers continues to grow. Whether it's social media management, SEO, or comprehensive digital marketing strategies, professionals in this field are in high demand, making it a lucrative and rapidly expanding industry.

• In today’s competitive landscape, businesses are constantly vying for top Google rankings and innovative ways to engage their customers. This creates a strong demand for digital marketing professionals who can help companies stand out online.
• As online businesses seek creative strategies to connect with their audience through social media, email marketing, and other digital platforms, the need for skilled digital marketing specialists continues to rise. Your expertise can be crucial in helping businesses build and maintain meaningful connections with their clients.
• A digital marketing business offers exceptional scalability, making it one of the best small business ideas to start. With a wealth of resources and information readily available online, it's easier than ever to get started in this field. As you refine your skills and consistently deliver measurable results, you'll naturally attract new clients and have the opportunity to expand your services. This inherent growth potential allows your business to evolve alongside your expertise, driving increased success and revenue over time.

Starting as a sole trader is advisable for a digital marketing freelancer, especially in your first year of business. This approach minimises the administrative burden of managing a Limited Company (LTD), enabling you to focus on building your client base and refining your services. As you grow your business and require more formal structures to support that growth, transitioning to an LTD can provide the necessary framework and legal protections to scale your operations effectively.

In the United Kingdom, over 950,000 people currently receive domiciliary care, a number that is expected to rise significantly as the population ages. Despite this growing demand, only around 809,000 professionals are employed in the home care service industry, highlighting a substantial opportunity for those entering this field.

Moreover, the deeply personal and empathetic nature of care services offers a unique advantage: the ability to build a strong reputation quickly. By consistently demonstrating genuine care and compassion for your clients, you can establish a trusted and respected name for yourself and your business, fostering long-term relationships and community trust.

• The need for homecare services is continually growing, driven by an ageing population and increasing preference for in-home care. This creates a steady and reliable demand for providers in this industry.
• With the right business model and a strong commitment to customer-centred values, your homecare business can experience unlimited growth. By focusing on personalised, compassionate care, you can differentiate your services and build a loyal client base.
• Starting a new business as a domiciliary service provider offers a unique opportunity to show compassion and make a tangible difference in the lives of individuals and families. Your work not only provides essential care but also adds significant value to the well-being and comfort of those you serve.

While you have the option to start as a sole trader or partnership, it's advisable to establish your business as a Limited Liability Company (LTD). This structure helps protect your personal assets by limiting your liability to the business. Additionally, it's crucial to register with the Care Quality Commission (CQC) specific to your region—whether in England, Scotland, or Wales—to ensure compliance with regulatory standards and to legally operate your domiciliary care business.

B2B Small Business Ideas

Two great business ideas are particularly impactful when it comes to helping other businesses succeed. First, market research firms play a crucial role in guiding entrepreneurs by assessing the feasibility of their concepts and staying attuned to evolving customer preferences. Second, HR-focused companies provide essential support in managing talent, ensuring businesses can attract, retain, and develop the people they need to thrive. These services are vital for the long-term success and growth of any business.

Do you have a talent for qualitative and quantitative research methods? Are you eager to apply your skills meaningfully? Market research is essential for businesses looking to enter new markets and established companies striving to keep pace with ever-changing consumer trends and preferences. A successful UK market research firm plays a vital role in helping businesses capture and maintain their industry positions, whether as market leaders or competitive challengers.

• By offering insights into growth matrices and market trends, you can local businesses identify new markets and expand their reach. This makes your services highly valuable to companies looking to scale and capture new opportunities.
• Running a market research company sharpens your analytical skills and enhances your ability to make informed decisions. These skills are transferable and beneficial across all areas of business and personal life.
• As a market research expert, you are constantly attuned to the latest market trends and shifts, making you an invaluable asset to your clients. This deep market knowledge allows you to offer complementary services such as:some text
  • Guide businesses in developing new products that meet emerging customer needs.
  • Help companies assess potential risks and devise strategies to mitigate them.
  • Your ability to foresee market changes allows you to advise clients on adapting proactively, ensuring they stay ahead of the competition.

By leveraging these advantages, your market research company can become a critical partner for businesses aiming to thrive in a rapidly changing environment.

Starting a market research company is a straightforward process. Begin by registering a company limited by shares, which provides a flexible and protective business structure. Generally, additional licenses are required only by your official registration if you plan to operate in specialised sectors such as pharmaceuticals. In that case, you must ensure that your market research materials comply with industry-specific regulations, such as having them reviewed by qualified personnel under the guidelines of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI).

The HR landscape is rapidly evolving, shaped by the rise of artificial intelligence and a shifting focus towards efficiency over creativity and quality. In this dynamic environment, the role of corporate wellness programs is becoming increasingly crucial.

A staggering 91% of UK companies report difficulties filling job roles and retaining talent, while 64% of small businesses face similar challenges in retaining skilled staff. As companies grapple with these issues, they often become frustrated by the constant cycle of hiring, training, and losing employees to better offers.

By integrating corporate wellness programs into your recruitment and staffing agency, you can provide a comprehensive solution to these challenges. These programs help attract top talent and enhance employee well-being and loyalty, reducing turnover rates and driving long-term success for your clients in a market where talent retention is vital; offering such holistic services positions your agency as a critical partner in fostering a thriving workforce. 

• Running a staffing agency allows you to make a meaningful impact by helping businesses find the right talent while enabling individuals to fulfil their potential. You play a crucial role in connecting people with opportunities that align with their skills and aspirations.
• The ongoing need for staffing solutions ensures your business remains in demand. Whether the economy is booming or facing challenges, companies will always require skilled professionals to fill positions, making your services essential and resilient.
• You can hit the ground running as soon as you set up your agency, especially if you have a strong network. Even without an established network, you can leverage job boards and collaborate with companies seeking to fill positions. There's always someone looking to hire, providing immediate business opportunities and the flexibility to scale as you grow.

How to Start a Recruitment Business 

Registering your business as a private limited company provides you with legal protection and a professional framework. Once registered, you'll be ready to start building your client base and placing candidates.

Certificate of Incorporation Defined

A Certificate of Incorporation proves that your company has been officially registered at Companies House under the Companies Act and is recognised as a legal entity in the UK. It signifies that your business is now separate and distinct from its shareholders and directors, operating independently under the law.

Who needs a certificate of incorporation UK?

A certificate of Incorporation is essential for various entities and individuals registering a company in the UK. Here's a breakdown of who needs one:

• Entrepreneurs registering a limited company by shares — Whether establishing a public or private company, entrepreneurs seeking to set up a business structure where ownership is divided into shares require a registration certificate. 
• Individuals establishing charitable organisations — Individuals or groups intending to establish charitable organisations with limited liability protection in the UK that operate under a company limited by guarantee structure also require a certificate. 
• Partners Forming Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) or Limited Partnerships (LPs)—Partners seeking to enjoy limited liability protection can opt to form LLPs or LPs. In both cases, obtaining a certificate of incorporation is necessary to formalise the registration process and establish the legal entity's existence.

The certificate is official proof of the company's legal incorporation and is essential for conducting business activities and fulfilling legal requirements.

See also: What does limited liability mean?

Which company details are found in a certificate of incorporation?

Once Companies House has approved your registration application, you will find the following details in an incorporation certificate.

1. The type of company such as a private or public company, LLP or another legal entity structure.
2. The registration number uniquely identifies the company and depends on the entity type. For example, a partnership will have a partnership number, while a private limited company will have a company registration number (CRN).
3. The certificate indicates the official date of incorporation or registration.
4. The full legal name under which the company is registered is provided in the certificate.
5. Registrar information may be from Companies House in England and Wales, Companies House Scotland, or Companies House Northern Ireland.
6. Depending on the jurisdiction, formation jurisdiction may be Cardiff, Edinburgh, or Belfast.
7. Relevant legislation or laws under which the company is formed provide the legal context for its establishment, e.g., the Companies Act (2006) or the Limited Liability Partnership Act (2000)

Company Name Requirements for a New Company in the UK

When registering a new company in the UK, the name displayed on your certificate of incorporation must adhere to specific criteria set by Companies House. To ensure approval, your company name must meet the following requirements:

1. Uniqueness — The proposed name must not closely resemble an existing company name, helping to avoid confusion among consumers and stakeholders.
2. Exclude official terms — Avoid incorporating terms like "Royal" or "Government" to imply an association with any local or national UK government agency, as these terms require official authorisation.
3. Avoid sensitive words — Exercise caution when using sensitive words like "Chartered" or "Accredited," ensuring proper authorisation is obtained before inclusion.
4. Appropriateness—The name should be appropriate and not offensive, inappropriate, or likely to cause harm, maintaining professionalism and respectability.
5. Compliance with legal standards — Ensure the name does not suggest criminal activities contrary to the public interest, adhering to legal standards and ethical principles.

How to Register Your Company With Companies House

Here is what you need to form your company directly with Companies House:

• Company name — Choose an appropriate name for your company. Ensure it's unique and complies with Companies House regulations.
• Officer details — Provide information about the company directors and persons with significant control (PSCs), including their names, addresses, and other relevant particulars.
• A registered office address — The official address for receiving statutory mail. 
• Memorandum and articles of association—Outline the subscribers' initial commitment to establish a company and rules for internal management, respectively.  ‍
• Correspondence address for the officers — For receiving statutory letters and legal notices relevant to their role.‍
• Share structure — Determine your company's share structure, including the number of shares and their respective values.‍
• Standard industrial classification (SIC) code — Identify the appropriate SIC code that best describes your company's primary activities.

Once you have these details ready, you can initiate the registration process. The cost for setting up a limited company directly with Companies House is £12, and the process typically takes around 12 hours to complete.

To begin your company formation journey, visit the following link:

https://www.gov.uk/limited-company-formation/register-your-company

Here's how you can take advantage of our free company formation offer:

• Obtain privacy addresses – Protect your company officials, including directors, persons with significant control, and shareholders. Maintain confidentiality and protect personal information.
• Invest in virtual office packages — Our comprehensive virtual office package is designed to provide a professional business address, mail handling services, and more.
• Choose resident or non-resident formation packages — Choose from our range of resident or non-resident formation packages, which include complimentary UK company setup addresses and secretarial services.

With Your Virtual Office London, you can streamline the company formation process and focus on driving your business forward. Experience hassle-free registrations and comprehensive support every step of the way.

Further insights on incorporating a company: Register & Thrive: UK Company Formation Made Simple

How to Get Another Certificate if You Lose One

Always keep your certificate of registration in a safe and easily accessible place so you can quickly produce it when needed. 

However, if you lose your original certificate of incorporation. You can get a copy of the certificate online since Companies House service provides free access to company details and filings through the following steps:

1. Visit the Find and Update company information service at https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/ 
2. Enter your company number or name in the search box.
3. Select your company from the list.
4. Click on "Filing history."
5. Scroll down and choose "View PDF" next to Incorporation (you may need to navigate to older pages).
6. Download a PDF copy of your certificate.

You can obtain a certified copy of your certificate of incorporation by calling Companies House on 0303 1234 500 and providing the company's CRN. The standard service costs £15.00, while the same-day service costs £50.00. Digital copies can also be requested via email.

How to Get a Certificate of Incorporation Via Companies House Directly

Companies House sends a company’s certificate of incorporation to the company in the following ways:

• By post — You’ll be sent a certificate of incorporation through the post to the company's registered office address as Companies House approves your application.
• Digital certificate —You can also download a digital copy of your certificate from the Companies House website by searching for a company and accessing its filing history.‍
• Ordering a certified copy—If a company has misplaced its original certificate, it can order a ‘printed certificate of incorporation’ from the Companies House by calling its contact centre. The standard service cost is £15, and the certified copy is delivered within 4 working days.

In summary, Companies House primarily delivers the certificate of incorporation by sending the original printed version to the company's registered office through the post. Companies can also obtain digital or certified copies of the certificate as needed.

How to Get a New Certificate if You Change Your Company Name

After your company is incorporated, tell Companies House when you want to change its name. You'll be issued a Certificate of Incorporation on Change of Name via email, reflecting the new company name while retaining all other details, such as the company registration number and incorporation date, identical to those on the original certificate.

What is a Company Authentication Code / WebFiling Authentication Code?

The authentication code is a six-digit alphanumeric code issued by Companies House to limited companies. It serves as a company’s official digital signature and indicates authorisation to file online on behalf of a business.

Businesses use it to file on the following Companies House platforms —

• Companies House using WebFiling
• Find and update company information
• third-party software by a company formation agent

How do you get an authentication code sent to your company's registered office address?

To get your code, register for WebFiling and follow the steps below.

• Sign in to WebFiling.
• Select either 'Your companies' or 'File for a company'.
• Enter the company number and select where the company was registered.
• Select 'Help with authentication code', then 'I do not have an authentication code'.

Companies House will post to your company’s registered office and take about 5 working days to arrive. For privacy and security reasons, Companies House will not send your code to an email ID or tell it to you over the phone.

However, if you incorporated your company through a formation agent, you’ll most likely have the code immediately after incorporation through their online client account.

How do you request an authentication code from Companies House to be sent to a director’s home address?

In response to the impact of COVID-19, Companies House set up a service that allowed company directors to request authentication codes to be sent to their home address instead of the registered office.

To use the service, all you have to provide is —

• the company number
• to sign in to or create a Companies House account, which is different from a WebFiling account

You cannot use this service if the company:

• has filed a document online in the last 30 days
• is not based in the UK
• is not a limited company or limited liability partnership (LLP)
• is dissolved

It takes around 5 working days for an officer to receive an authentication code at their home address.

How to use your code to file online using the webfiling service

You need your Companies House authentication code for all electronic filings through the WebFiling service, including —

• Notice of change of company name
• Change of company details, including confirmation statements and return of allotment of shares
• Appoint a new director or company secretary, or termination.
• Change of registered office and SAIL address
• Annual account filings include changes in accounting reference dates and dormant accounts.

To file, change, or update your company information online, you'll need your:

• email address
• password
• company registration number
• authentication code

It's faster and cheaper to file online since paper form filing fees are higher, and it can take weeks before you get an acknowledgement that a document has been received and approved. However, the online filing process has built-in checks to decrease errors and associated rejections.

You’ll need the code for any of the following official electronic filing channels —

• Companies House WebFiling
• Find and update company information
• third-party software filing service courtesy of an accountant or the agent who formed your company.

To use third-party software, you’ll need to set up an online filing account to get a presenter ID and presenter authentication code.

See also: How to File a Confirmation Statement With Companies House.

How to change your code

You can change the company authentication code as many times as needed to something more memorable but not obvious.

If you suspect an authorised person might know the code or if your company management structure has changed, follow the steps below.

Please note the change will take effect immediately. Therefore, it is important to notify anyone who files on your behalf.

How to cancel your code

To cancel your code, log in to the web filing service and follow the steps to change the code. Once you get to step 6, click to tick the box "I wish to cancel the company authentication code."

As soon as you cancel the authentication code, you can no longer file documents electronically with Companies House. You will have to submit paper filings instead.

If you wish to resume electronic filing, you will need to request a new authentication code from Companies House, which will be sent to your company's registered office address.

What to do when you have lost your company authentication code

If you find yourself in the situation of having lost your company authentication code, follow these steps to request a new one:

• Sign in to WebFiling.
• Select either 'Your companies' or 'File for a company'.
• Enter the company number and select where the company was registered.
• Select 'Help with authentication code', then 'I do not have an authentication code'.

It's important to note that if you previously had an authentication code, Companies House will send you a reminder rather than issuing a new code.

How to protect your authentication code and company details

To protect your company authentication code and other company’s details, it is essential you do not disclose it to any unauthorised person. Consider the following tips for enhancing the overall security of your company.

• Keep people on a need—to—know basis—Access to your company's sensitive information, including the authentication code, should be on a need-to-know basis. If you are working with an agent, ensure they also have a strict disclosure policy governing how they’ll handle your code. 
• Do not disclose your code through unsecured channels. Avoid responding to telephone or email requests for your code from unauthorised persons. There are reported cases of fraudsters posing as Companies House and requesting the code through the phone or email. Ignore such requests. 
• ‍Change it regularly — Over time, your company’s authentication code may become vulnerable due to breaches or leaks. Therefore, it is essential to maintain a consistent schedule of changing the code to reduce the risk of unauthorised access.

What is Companies House Webfiling

Webfiling service is a free online portal that enables business owners to submit statutory documents directly to the government in compliance with their filing requirements.  

You can use it to file the following documents (GOV.UK links) —

With the multiple filing requirements, the advantage of using the online platform is that it's quicker than filing out paper forms. Submitting is instant, and built-in checks help users avoid errors and rejection.

How do I create my Company Webfiling Account?

To create your Companies House online profile, follow these steps —

How do I use the Company Authentication Code for Online Filing and Update Company Details?

The authentication code is a 6-digit alphanumeric code issued to each company. The code is used to file information online and is the equivalent of a company officer’s signature.

You’ll need an authentication code to file your information online via webfiling or a third-party software.

See also: Companies House Company Authentication Code for Webfiling

How to get your company authentication code

To request your code, create an account or sign in to Companies House WebFiling and follow the instructions. Your code will be sent by post to your company’s registered office - it can take up to 5 days to arrive. If your company already has a code, they’ll send you a reminder.

How to use the WebFiling and Protected Online Filing (PROOF) Service

PROOF is a free service designed to protect your company from unauthorised changes by preventing the filing of certain paper forms changing the following details —

• changes to your registered address
• changes to your officers (appointments, resignations, or personal information)
• changes to your company name by special resolution

According to Companies House, there are about 50 to 100 cases of corporate identity fraud every month, which include fraudsters hijacking companies by changing the details of their directors and registered offices.

How to Sign Up for Email Reminders for key filing deadlines

The Companies House e-mail reminder service sends you alerts whenever your company's annual accounts and confirmation statements are due. 

As you subscribe for the alerts you can — 

• choose up to 4 people to receive a notification (including an accountant, formations, or company secretarial agent)
• file your document immediately from a link within the alert
• receive reminders more conveniently
• avoid late filing penalties by filing your accounts on time
• use less paper, contributing to saving the environment

To set up, follow the steps below 

1. sign into your online service account: https://idam-ui.company-information.service.gov.uk/ 
2. Select ‘Activate e reminders’ from your company overview screen.
3. Select ‘Add an e mail address’.
4.  Enter your e mail address (a maximum of 4 for each company).
5.  Follow the link in the email from Companies House to validate your e mail address.

How to File Your Company's Confirmation Statement and Other Forms or Documents

Your statement must be submitted to Companies House within 14 days of your due date.

Once you’ve logged into your online filing account, click on the “file confirmation statement” on your company overview screen. 

On the screen that loads up next, you can change the date of your next statement and report if your company has admitted to trading on a market. 

Click on “next” after you’ve made the necessary adjustments. On this page, you can now verify that the information Companies House holds about your business is correct and up to date.  

See also: How to File a Confirmation Statement With Companies House

How to Use the Find and Update Service for Company Filings

In addition to the Web Filing, you can also use the Find and Update Company Information Service accessible through https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/

As the name suggests, it is a portal for finding information and uploading certain information to the Companies House register.

Using the platform, you can search for a company by name, registration number, or officer. By selecting the link to a company of interest, you should be able to access information such as 

• the registered address
• current and resigned officers
• date of incorporation

You’ll also be able to view the filing history and download accounts and confirmation statements if available.

Once you surface a company name, you’ll get the option for filing for that particular company. To access your Find and Update Company Information account, you cannot use your webfiling credentials. Instead, you must sign in with a Companies House email ID and password. 

To sign up, you’ll need to register with an e mail address, where an activation mail will be sent.

A limited company can only file abridged or full accounts and a change to a registered office using the find and update company information service. There are plans to add filings for — 

• other types of accounts
• confirmation statements
• officer appointments
• changes to the company details